Contents

Running Programs
Editing Programs
Fundamental Statements
Branches, Loops, and Subroutines
Program Timers
Arrays
Strings
User Defined Functions
Storing and Retrieving Data
Program Calls
Local and Global Declarations
Formatting Output
Debugging Operations
Numeric Functions
String Functions
Print Functions
TIME Mode Commands

Running Programs

RUN

Begins program execution.

ATTN

Interrupts program execution.

CONT

Restarts program execution after ATTN or STOP.

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Editing Programs

LIST, PLIST

Lists program file to display or printer.

FETCH

Fetches specific lines of program file.

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Fundamental Statements

LET

Assigns values to variables.

END

Terminates program and deallocates the program.

STOP

Inerrupts program execution without deallocation.

WAIT

Interrupts program execution for a specified period of time.

REM, !

Delimits program remarks.

DISP, PRINT, TAB

Displayorprintinformation.

INPUT

Allows input of data from the keyboard.

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Branches, Loops, and Subroutines

GOTO

Unconditionally branches to a line number.

IF...THEN...ELSE

Tests condition and branches.

FOR-NEXT, STEP

Repeatedly executes a series of statements a predetermined number of times.

GOSUB-RETURN

Branches to a series of statements and returns

ON...GOTO

Branches to the line numberdetermined by the value of the included expression.

ON...GOSUB

Branches to the subroutine determined by the value of the included expression.

POP

Bypasses a pending subroutine return.

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Program Timers

ON TIMER #

Sets a program timer.

OFF TIMER #

Disables a program timer.

ON TIMER # GOTO

Branches to a statement when a timer goes off

ON TIMER # GOSUB

Branches to a subroutine when a timer goes off

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Arrays

OPTION BASE

Defines the lower bound of all arrays in a program.

DIM, REAL, SHORT, INTEGER

Declare and dimension arrays.

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Strings

String Variables

String Identifier: letter[digit]$

Dimensioning a String: DIM string identifier [subscript]

Default size of a string variable is 32 characters.

Substring Identifier: letter[digit]$[subscript[,subscript]]

Two subscripts separated by a comma specify beginning and ending character positions, respectively. A single subscript specifies a beginning character-the substring extends to the end of the string.

String Expressions

A string expression can take any of the following forms:

• A string constant.
• A string variable.
• A substring.
• A string function.
• A string expression consisting of any concatenation of the above using the & operator.

String Functions

The parameters S$ and T$ can be any string expression.

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User Defined Functions

DEF FN

Defines a single-line user-defined function or the first line of a multiline function.

LET FN

Assigns a value to the function in a multiline function.

END DEF

Labels the end of a multiline function.

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Storing and Retrieving Data

Within a Program

DATA

Statement Contains numeric or string constants for use by READ.

READ

Assigns values from DATA statements to variables.

RESTORE

Resets the data pointer to the first or specified DATA statement in the file.

From Data Files

ASSIGN #

Associates a file number with a file name.

PRINT #

Stores data items in a data file.

READ #

Retrieves data items from a data file.

RESTORE #

Resets the data pointer to the first or specified line of a data file.

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Program Calls

CALL

Calls a program from within another program. Execution returns to the calling program at the line after the CALL statement when the called program ends.

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Local and Global Declarations

A global declaration is an HP-75 setting that remains in effect until:

• The setting is changed by a new declaration, executed either from the keyboard or from a running program.
• The HP-75 is reset.

A local declaration affects only keyboard calculations or the program in which the declaration occurs.

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Formatting Output

IMAGE

Specifies the output format for DISP USING and PRINT USING statements.

DISP USING

Displays information according to the specified IMAGE statement or the included format string.

PRINT USING

Prints information according to the specified IMAGE statement or the included format string.

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Debugging Operations

TRACE FLOW

Traces program flow. Shows all branches in program execution.

TRACE VARS

Traces variables. Shows all changes in values of variables.

TRACE OFF

Turns off all trace operations.

ON ERROR

Initiates user-defined error trapping.

OFF ERROR

Disables user-defined error trapping.

ERRN

Displays error number of last error.

ERRL

Displays line number where last error occurred.

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Numeric Functions

Given the appropriate number of arguments and type of arguments (numeric or string expressions), each numeric function returns a single numeric constant.

ABS(X)

Absolute value of X

ACOS(X)

Arccosine of X, in Quadrant I or II.

ANGLE(X,Y)

Arctangent of Y/X, in proper quadrant. That is, returns the angle theta formed between the x-axis and the point (x,y), such that -pi < theta <= pi.

ASIN(X)

Arcsine of X, in Quadrant I or IV.

ATN(X)

Arctangent of X, in Quadrant I or IV.

CEIL(X)

Smallest integer >=X (abbreviation ce).

COS(X)

Cosine of X.

COT(X)

Cotangent of X.

CSC(X)

Cosecant of X.

DATE

The date in yyddd format based on the clock setting.

DEG(X)

Radian-to-degree conversion of X.

EPS

Smallest machine number (1.E-499).

ERRL

The line number of the most recent error or warning.

ERRN

The identification number of the most recent error or warning (abbreviation er).

EXP(X)

e^X.

FLOOR(X)

Same as INT(X) (abbreviation fl)

FP(X)

Fractional part of X.

INF

Largest machine number (9.99999999999E499).

INT(X)

Largest integer <= X.

IP(X)

Integer part of X.

LEN(S$)

The length of string S$.

LOG(X)

Natural logarithm of X, X>0.

LOG10(X)

Log to the base 10 of X, X>0 (abbreviation lo).

MAX(X,Y)

If X > Y then X, else Y.

MEM

The number of bytes of available memory.

MIN(X,Y)

If X < Y then X, else Y.

MOD(X,Y)

X modulo Y:X-Y*INT(X/Y).

NUM(S$)

The decimal code of the first character of S$.

PI

3.14159265359.

POS(S$,T$)

Searches string S$ for the first occurrence of T$. Returns the starting position if found; 0 if not.

RAD(X)

Degree-to-radian conversion of X.

RES

The last numeric result to be displayed or printed.

RMD(X,Y)

Remainder of X/Y: X-Y*IP(X/Y).

RND

Next number, R. in sequence of pseudo-random numbers, 0 <= R < 1.

SEC(X)

Secant of X.

SGN(X)

Thesignof X: -1 if XX=0, 1 if X>0.

SIN(X)

Sine of X.

SQR(X)

Positive square root of X.

TAN(X)

Tangent of X.

TIME

The number of seconds since midnight of the current day.

VAL(S$)

Returns the numeric value of a string composed of digits, decimal point, and/or exponent.

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String Functions

String functions return zero or more characters of information.

CAT$(X)

The catalog entry of the specified file, 32 characters in length. Files are numbered in order of their appearance in the system catalog. CAT$(0) returns the catalog of the current EDIT file. For X<0. CAT$(X) returns the catalog of the currently initialized BASIC file, if any (abbreviation c).

CHR$(X)

The character whose decimal code is MOD(X,256) (abbreviation ch).

DATE$

The date in a yy/mm/dd format.

KEY$

The display character of the currently depressed key or keystroke combination. Returns the null string if no key is depressed (abbreviation k).

STR$(X)

The string information contained in the digits, decimal point, sign, and exponent of X.

TIME$

The time in a hh:mm:ss format, using 24-hour notation (abbreviation ti).

UPRC$(S$)

Converts S$ to all uppercase letters (abbreviation upr).

VER$

A six-character string indicating the operating system version.

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Print Functions

TAB(X)

Causes the following DISP or PRINT item to be output beginning at column X, where column 1 is the left margin.

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TIME Mode Commands

The following commands are nonprogrammable and executable in TIME mode only.

ADJST

Displays the ADJST template that's used to adjust the clock setting.

EXACT

Sets a timing mark for clock calibration.

RESET

Clears previous EXACT marks and the current speed adjustment factor.

SET

Displays the set-time template that's used to set the system clock.

STATS

Displays the STATS template that's used to specify month/day and hour display formats and to specify the YEAR or the EXTD (extended) calendar in APPT mode.

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